Fordsmender's Dictionary of Proto-Germanic Roots The Phonology of Proto-Germanic Vowels Short Long i u ī ū e y o æ ō a ā Diphthongs: ai au ei eu Those sounds given in white are those that do not occur frequently. There is also an /�"/ of very rare occurance; it sounds as IPA [e:]. Consonants Labial Dental Velar Labiovelar Plosives p b t d k kw Fricatives f bh th ð s z H γ Hw γw Nasals m n ŋ Liquids l, r Semivowels w j